Python Internet Protocols and Support

Internet Protocols and Support

The modules described in this chapter implement Internet protocols and support for related technology. They are all implemented in Python. Most of these modules require the presence of the system-dependent module socket, which is currently supported on most popular platforms. Here is an overview:

webbrowser — Convenient Web-browser controller

Browser Controller Objects

cgi — Common Gateway Interface support

Introduction

Using the cgi module

Higher Level Interface

Functions

Caring about security

Installing your CGI script on a Unix system

Testing your CGI script

Debugging CGI scripts

Common problems and solutions

cgitb — Traceback manager for CGI scripts

wsgiref — WSGI Utilities and Reference Implementation

wsgiref.util – WSGI environment utilities

wsgiref.headers – WSGI response header tools

wsgiref.simple_server – a simple WSGI HTTP server

wsgiref.validate — WSGI conformance checker

wsgiref.handlers – server/gateway base classes

Examples

urllib — URL handling modules

urllib.request — Extensible library for opening URLs

Request Objects

OpenerDirector Objects

BaseHandler Objects

HTTPRedirectHandler Objects

HTTPCookieProcessor Objects

ProxyHandler Objects

HTTPPasswordMgr Objects

HTTPPasswordMgrWithPriorAuth Objects

AbstractBasicAuthHandler Objects

HTTPBasicAuthHandler Objects

ProxyBasicAuthHandler Objects

AbstractDigestAuthHandler Objects

HTTPDigestAuthHandler Objects

ProxyDigestAuthHandler Objects

HTTPHandler Objects

HTTPSHandler Objects

FileHandler Objects

DataHandler Objects

FTPHandler Objects

CacheFTPHandler Objects

UnknownHandler Objects

HTTPErrorProcessor Objects

Examples

Legacy interface

urllib.request Restrictions

urllib.response — Response classes used by urllib

urllib.parse — Parse URLs into components

URL Parsing

Parsing ASCII Encoded Bytes

Structured Parse Results

URL Quoting

urllib.error — Exception classes raised by urllib.request

urllib.robotparser — Parser for robots.txt

http — HTTP modules

HTTP status codes

http.client — HTTP protocol client

HTTPConnection Objects

HTTPResponse Objects

Examples

HTTPMessage Objects

ftplib — FTP protocol client

FTP Objects

FTP_TLS Objects

poplib — POP3 protocol client

POP3 Objects

POP3 Example

imaplib — IMAP4 protocol client

IMAP4 Objects

IMAP4 Example

nntplib — NNTP protocol client

NNTP Objects

Attributes

Methods

Utility functions

smtplib — SMTP protocol client

SMTP Objects

SMTP Example

smtpd — SMTP Server

SMTPServer Objects

DebuggingServer Objects

PureProxy Objects

MailmanProxy Objects

SMTPChannel Objects

telnetlib — Telnet client

Telnet Objects

Telnet Example

uuid — UUID objects according to RFC 4122

Example

socketserver — A framework for network servers

Server Creation Notes

Server Objects

Request Handler Objects

Examples

socketserver.TCPServer Example

socketserver.UDPServer Example

Asynchronous Mixins

http.server — HTTP servers

http.cookies — HTTP state management

Cookie Objects

Morsel Objects

Example

http.cookiejar — Cookie handling for HTTP clients

CookieJar and FileCookieJar Objects

FileCookieJar subclasses and co-operation with web browsers

CookiePolicy Objects

DefaultCookiePolicy Objects

Cookie Objects

Examples

xmlrpc — XMLRPC server and client modules

xmlrpc.client — XML-RPC client access

ServerProxy Objects

DateTime Objects

Binary Objects

Fault Objects

ProtocolError Objects

MultiCall Objects

Convenience Functions

Example of Client Usage

Example of Client and Server Usage

xmlrpc.server — Basic XML-RPC servers

SimpleXMLRPCServer Objects

SimpleXMLRPCServer Example

CGIXMLRPCRequestHandler

Documenting XMLRPC server

DocXMLRPCServer Objects

DocCGIXMLRPCRequestHandler

ipaddress — IPv4/IPv6 manipulation library

Convenience factory functions

IP Addresses

Address objects

Conversion to Strings and Integers

Operators

Comparison operators

Arithmetic operators

IP Network definitions

Prefix, net mask and host mask

Network objects

Operators

Logical operators

Iteration

Networks as containers of addresses

Interface objects

Operators

Logical operators

Other Module Level Functions

Custom Exceptions